Tuesday, March 9, 2010

Ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer - Acute

Definition  

Ovarian cancer is a malignancy that most commonly arises from epithelial cells, and is easily able metastasize through intra-abdominal spread, by entering the lymphatic system or by local invasion of other peritoneal organs .


 


 

Evaluation of response to ovarian cancer treatment and assessment for recurrence  

* CA 125 measurement: Elevated levels of CA-125 may be a useful adjunct in the assessment of premenopausal and postmenopausal women with ovarian cancer .


 

Medical History  

* Family history of Ovarian cancer

* Adult, Geriatric (>65 years)

* Pregnancy

* Past medical history of Normal breast feeding

* History of Contraceptive use

* History of Estrogen use

* Obesity


 

Findings  

* Ascites - Acute

* Dyspnea - Acute

* Pelvic mass

* Abdominal distension

* Abdominal mass

* Abdominal pain - Acute

* Abdominal rigidity

* Backache

* Constipation

* Dysuria

* Early satiety

* Fatigue

* Fever

* Finding of frequency of urination

* Indigestion

* Leg swelling

* Loss of appetite

* Pain on intercourse

* Postcoital bleeding

* Swollen abdomen

* Urinary incontinence

* Vaginal bleeding

* Weight loss


 

Tests  


 

Suspected ovarian cancer  

* CA 125 measurement: Cancer antigen (CA)-125 has proven to be the most reliable and helpful marker in evaluating and diagnosing ovarian cancer .

* Transvaginal ultrasound: Ultrasound is the overall best technique for the differential diagnosis of a suspicious pelvic mass .

* Diagnostic Doppler ultrasonography


 

Suspected ovarian cancer  

* Complete blood count

* Hepatic function panel

* Plain chest X-ray

* Biopsy

* Centesis


 

Suspected ovarian cancer  

* MRI of abdomen and pelvis


 

Differential Diagnosis  

* Benign neoplasm of ovary

* Irritable bowel syndrome - Chronic

* Diverticular disease

* Malignant neoplasm of gastrointestinal tract


 

Treatment  

Drug Therapy  


 

Preferred regimen for ovarian cancer  


 

CARBOPLATIN


 

Alternative regimen for ovarian cancer  


 

DOCETAXEL


 

PACLITAXEL


 

Procedural Therapy  


 

Ovarian cancer  

* Debulking of pelvic tumor: Cytoreduction, or surgical tumor debulking, is the primary procedural treatment for ovarian cancer .


 

Ovarian cancer  

* Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy may be an option in select patients with ovarian cancer.


 

 
 

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